Sine Design

Passive crossover designer

Component values from RESEARCH §6.

Linkwitz-Riley: −6 dB at fc, in-phase, flat summed response — the popular 2-/4-way choice.

Design against measured data (FRD / ZMA import)

Paste a driver’s measured impedance export (ZMA: frequency, |Z|, optional phase) from REW, ARTA/LIMP, DATS, CLIO, OmniMic or HolmImpulse. Any delimiter (space / tab / comma / semicolon) and * # // ; comment headers are auto-detected. The filter component values are then computed against the real |Z| at the crossover frequency instead of the nominal load. Imported data is treated as user-measured, not manufacturer-verified.

Optimize crossover (numeric goal-seek)

A deterministic, gradient-free optimizer searches the crossover frequency and per-driver level to best match a target summed response — a flat in-band response by default, or your imported measured FRD when pasted below. It is a pure layer on the RESEARCH §6 engine; results are reproducible. Paste an acoustic FRD target (frequency, SPL, optional phase) to optimize against measured data.

Optimizes from the current fc 2500 Hz / Linkwitz-Riley 4thorder. “Apply” copies the optimized fc into the design above.

Woofer — low-pass

PartValueNearest std
L3 series0.96 mH≈ 1 mH
C3 shunt12.66 µF≈ 0.68 + 12 µF ∥
L4 series0.48 mH≈ 0.47 mH
C4 shunt2.81 µF≈ 0.12 + 2.7 µF ∥

Tweeter — high-pass

PartValueNearest std
C1 series4.22 µF≈ 0.33 + 3.9 µF ∥
L1 shunt0.32 mH≈ 0.33 mH
C2 series8.44 µF≈ 0.22 + 8.2 µF ∥
L2 shunt1.44 mH≈ 1.5 mH
Designed against: nominal impedance. Starting values — these assume a flat, resistive load. Real drivers have impedance peaks, rising inductance, acoustic roll-off and baffle diffraction. Verify and refine against measured FRD/ZMA.

Per-driver & summed response (flat resistive load)

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Auxiliary networks

Zobel

Rz 6.0 Ω · Cz 13.89 µF

L-pad (dB, Z)

Rs 2.95 Ω · Rsh 13.68 Ω

Baffle step (cm)

f 507 Hz · L 1.78 mH

More topologies & tools

Starting values — all assume a flat, resistive load (RESEARCH §6). Verify and refine against measured FRD/ZMA.

Series 2-way (2nd order, Linkwitz-Riley)

Drivers in series across the amp, reactive parts in parallel with each driver. Values equal the parallel design; the 1st-order series network sums flat at all frequencies. Uses fc 2500 Hz / Woofer Z 8 Ω.

PartValue
L_w (woofer arm)1.02 mH
C_t (tweeter arm)3.98 µF
C_w (∥ woofer)3.98 µF
L_t (∥ tweeter)1.02 mH

2.5-way (.5-woofer baffle-step roll-off)

The .5 woofer is low-passed at the baffle-step frequency (115/Wb) so both woofers play below the step — built-in baffle-step compensation. Baffle width from the box above (22.7 cm).

LP corner 507 Hz · series L 2.51 mH

Notch / contour networks

Parallel L‖C‖R trap (series in path) tames a breakup peak; series L–C–R trap (shunt) contours the response or conjugates an impedance peak. Centre = 1/(2π√(LC)). Set f0/depth from the measured peak.

Parallel notch (BW −1333 Hz)

PartValue
L (∥)0.23 mH
C (∥)6.90 µF
R (∥)17.30 Ω

Series notch / contour

PartValue
L (series trap)0.95 mH
C (series trap)1.66 µF
R (series trap)8.00 Ω

Air-core inductor (Wheeler)

Single-layer solenoid turns / wire length / DCR for a target inductance (Wheeler 1928, ~1% for a reasonably long coil). High turn count or DCR ⇒ use thicker wire or a multilayer winding.

1907 turns · 2461.0 mm long · 157.47 m wire · DCR 2.074 Ω

Reverse mode — components → response

Enter the components you actually have (a high-pass series cap, optional shunt inductor) and a driver load; the chart is the exactresponse of that ladder driven by an ideal source — the honest “what your parts really do”, including effects the textbook forms idealize away.

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Crossover parts

PartQtyEst.Buy
1 mH air-core inductor (L3 series)1$6Parts Express
12 µF film capacitor (C3 shunt)1$3Parts Express
0.47 mH air-core inductor (L4 series)1$6Parts Express
2.7 µF film capacitor (C4 shunt)1$3Parts Express
3.9 µF film capacitor (C1 series)1$3Parts Express
0.33 mH air-core inductor (L1 shunt)1$6Parts Express
8.2 µF film capacitor (C2 series)1$3Parts Express
1.5 mH air-core inductor (L2 shunt)1$6Parts Express
Estimated total $36excl. driver

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